{"id":6986,"date":"2018-12-17T15:59:46","date_gmt":"2018-12-17T20:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulanuarchive.kulanu.org\/?page_id=6986"},"modified":"2019-04-05T08:13:50","modified_gmt":"2019-04-05T12:13:50","slug":"becoming-jewish-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kulanu.org\/archive\/communities\/brazil\/becoming-jewish-in-brazil\/","title":{"rendered":"Becoming Jewish in Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Portuguese version<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

By Sarah Leiter\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Note from Daneel Schaechter, Kulanu\u2019s regional coordinator for Latin America and board member: Nearly four years ago, I had my first contact with Kehilat Ahavat HaTorah, a small yet growing community in Brazil\u2019s capital city, Brasilia. Since\u00a0then, we have sent a Brazilian rabbinical student, Natan Freller, to serve as a teacher and most recently, Sarah Leiter, a PhD student of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico who researches how people make sense of their changing religious identities. This is a brief description of her experience during Summer 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Lucas (a community member), Katy, Isaac, and the author Sarah after lunch at one of Bras\u00edlia\u2019s many vegan restaurants<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Over the past decade, a growing number of Brazilians have been turning toward Judaism from various denominations of Christianity. Hoping to find out why, I traveled to Brazil this past May to meet some of these new Jews. After failing to secure visits to two emerging Jewish communities that are crumbling without the support of more established Jewish institutions in Brazil, I went to Bras\u00edlia, the capital of the country. There, a community of about twenty people practicing Judaism immediately welcomed me as a member of their extended family.\u00a0 For several weeks, members hosted me in their synagogue, a converted three-story townhome in the center of the city. They treated me to countless meals, all vegetarian both because of my own dietary preferences and because kosher meat, the only kind they\u2019ll touch, is rarely available. I heard them replace the occasional Portuguese \u201cobrigado\u201d with a Hebrew \u201ctodah,\u201d picked up from the native Israeli they employ to teach them conversational Hebrew each week. I watched as they looked up rabbinical interpretations on their smartphones and listened as they played liturgical melodies through their cars\u2019 audio systems. I sang with them each Shabbat as they filled their synagogue building with Hebrew harmonies reminiscent of my childhood in a California Jewish community. Together, we celebrated the holiday of Shavuot, recalling the biblical story of Ruth and her famous conversion to Judaism.<\/p>\n

I came to this community as a doctoral student in anthropology, a discipline that seeks to add nuance and understanding to the plethora of ways we go about being human. It is a discipline that tries to let more voices be heard; its goal is to listen. Over a lakeside lunch one day in Bras\u00edlia, I asked one of the community members what he thought an article about them should include. His answer: \u201cJust tell our stories.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rodrigo and Sophia<\/h4>\n
\"\"
Community members Rodrigo, Davison, and Betsalel taking a selfie at a Sunday afternoon barbecue at a local recreation club. Because kosher meat generally is not available in Bras\u00edlia, the main dish at the barbecue was grilled fish; everything else was vegetarian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The first time I met 34-year-old Rodrigo and 30-year-old Sophia, they were taking off their motorcycle helmets and waiting for an Uber to a vegan restaurant. The married couple were relatively new to the community; they had met on a dating app just one year earlier and celebrated their wedding five months after that. Sophia, a pharmacist by training, taught herself English and travels often. Rodrigo, who works in Information Technology, has a particular affinity for Jewish mysticism and the intersections between Jewish and Brazilian histories.
\nThough the newlyweds came from Christian and Spiritualist backgrounds, they had turned toward Judaism by the time they married. They have not yet been able to convert, but their wedding ceremony included several symbolic elements that celebrated their Judaism.
\nSince the wedding, they have been participating in Shabbat services at the synagogue every week, taking conversational Hebrew classes with the rest of the community, and learning to lead Havdallah with a candle brought back from a trip to Tsfat. If you listen closely, you may even hear Rodrigo say \u201cBaruch Hashem\u201d a few times during conversations.<\/p>\n

Despite their limited access to mainstream Jewish institutions in Brazil, Rodrigo in particular remains eager to undergo the process of conversion. He asked if I might be able to introduce him to American rabbis willing to help foreigners, as he had little hope that his conversion would be supported by rabbis in Brazil. The story of how he and his wife became Jewish, like the stories of everyone else in the community, is to be continued.<\/p>\n

Isaac<\/h4>\n

Sixteen-year-old Isaac was first introduced to the community by his older brother when the family was still Christian. A young teenager at that point, Isaac began to research Judaism on his own. Soon, he was hooked. He began studying Hebrew because, as he told me, \u201cJudaism doesn\u2019t exist without Hebrew\u2014the Torah is in Hebrew.\u201d In another conversation, when I asked him for\u00a0the meaning of a Portuguese word, he translated it into Hebrew because it was easier to remember than the English.<\/p>\n

One afternoon, while waiting together for his retired police officer father to arrive, Isaac told me that his classmates all thought he was strange. It wasn\u2019t cool, he confessed through laughter, to be constantly reading about Judaism and history and world politics, but he enjoyed doing it anyway\u2014even if becoming the only Jewish person in his school meant dealing with his new nickname, \u201cJew.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
Alice leading a Friday afternoon challah baking lesson for some of the women in the community, including Katy and Sophia (pictured here learning how to braid challah). Their recipe was adapted from a cookbook purchased in Israel; as the book recommended, the women paused for personal prayer just before burning an olive-sized piece of the dough.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

These days, Isaac is usually the only member of his family at the synagogue each Shabbat. He\u2019ll even spend Friday nights on an extra mattress in the building so that he doesn\u2019t need to find a ride home and back between Friday Ma\u2019ariv and Saturday Shacharit.
\nThough he\u2019s never been on an airplane, Isaac dreams of one day boarding a flight to Israel and serving in the Israeli Defense Forces. He\u2019d like to participate in a Birthright trip when he\u2019s older too. But first, he hopes to convert.<\/p>\n

Alice and Sean<\/h4>\n

One Sunday in a Brazilian church, Sean, the son of an evangelical pastor, noticed a girl with wild curly blond hair. He approached her with a bold pick-up line: \u201cWhen are we getting married?\u201d That Sunday was over 25 years ago. Today, Sean\u00a0and Alice, the girl with the wild blond curls, are married and have three teenage daughters. Sean is the president of the synagogue I visited in Bras\u00edlia.<\/p>\n

Their journey to Judaism, they explained to me, involved several cycles of questioning, of\u00a0 learning, of deconstructing, and of rebuilding. It began about a decade ago in a Protestant Christian church, where Alice would often turn to her husband in disbelief at what the pastor was preaching; it clashed with how they saw the world. Soon, the family stopped attending their church and distanced themselves from Christianity altogether. For about five years, they\u00a0remained unaffiliated with any religion. Then, through what Alice\u2019s sister found on the internet, they discovered Judaism. To them, what they learned just made sense. The Jewish emphasis on studying, on being kind to others, and on following commandments that provide practical structure for a good manner of living drew them in. So, they began to look for local synagogues to visit.
\nVisiting synagogues proved more difficult than they had anticipated; most were simply closed to non-Jewish visitors. Finally, Alice and Sean found an unusually welcoming one\u2014which they soon realized was a messianic congregation.
\nFeeling \u201ctricked,\u201d as they put it, they quickly left the messianic group and dove into a strict practice of Orthodox Judaism. They found others like them, others who wanted to be Jewish but had no congregation with which to learn, and hired an Orthodox rabbi as their teacher. They did everything just as the rabbi taught them; Alice began dressing modestly in long skirts, and\u00a0Sean began preparing for the hatafat dam brit.
\nEventually, the couple decided that Jewish learning was more important to them than following traditions \u201ccorrectly.\u201d Alongside the rest of their community, they turned toward Reform Judaism. Their eldest daughter became the congregation\u2019s chazzan.
\nI asked Alice if she thought their religious practice might change again in the future, since her family has moved through so many iterations of both Christianity and Judaism. She told me that it was possible, of course, because a willingness to learn meant a willingness to change. But it is clear that in their Judaism, they have finally found what makes sense for them.<\/p>\n

Betsalel<\/h4>\n
\"\"
A view of the center of Bras\u00edlia. At the far end of this central park are the buildings that house Brazil\u2019s executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The synagogue is located just two kilometers to the south (to the right in the photo)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Betsalel, the community\u2019s resident artist, made Bras\u00edlia his home in part because of its sky. As a professor of architecture and urban planning with a particular penchant for open spaces, he moved to the city to take in its openness. Betsalel\u2019s life\u00a0changed on a 2005 trip to the city of Salvador, where, in his mother\u2019s home, he found a Hebrew bible. He started reading. And he kept reading. He read everything he could find about Judaism. It was the translated works of the noted rabbi and\u00a0author Aryeh Kaplan that catapulted him into Jewish life.
\nI happened to be in a car with Betsalel\u2014who was wearing a kippah and playing Israeli music\u2014at the beginning of a truckers\u2019 union strike, a national crisis that cut off gasoline, jet fuel, and food deliveries to much of the country for about a week. In the car, we passed a long line of honking trucks inching toward the government\u2019s most important buildings. Before I could ask him about the trucks, Betsalel veered toward a side street and said, \u201cLet\u2019s talk about higher things,\u201d specifically,\u00a0about the world\u2019s creation as it is written in the Torah. With Betsalel, mundane conversational topics like Brazilian politics could wait.<\/p>\n

Katy<\/h4>\n

Fifty-eight-year-old Katy from Rio de Janeiro has African ancestry on her mother\u2019s side and descends from indigenous Amazonians on her father\u2019s side. Taking after her ballerina mother, Katy did gymnastics for four decades. Today, her\u00a0feet still move constantly\u2014through the city in political protest marches, around the park while chatting with everyone she meets, and in the synagogue as she cleans before Shabbat. Katy was not raised in any particular religion, but\u00a0she attended a Christian church for some time in her adulthood until she realized that what they were preaching did not quite align with what she was reading. Over a period of three years, she questioned and she researched. Then, she came across an online video of a man speaking about Judaism. As Katy described it, it was as if she had suddenly stepped into reality.
\nTransitioning into life as a Jew was not easy. On a practical level, it demanded a radical change in diet, which often meant giving up the convenience and enjoyment of buying food wherever it was available. On an intellectual level, it necessitated a realization that, as Katy put it, she had been \u201cdeceived\u201d by other religions whose leaders insisted that they were teaching absolute reality.
\nAt the same time, turning to Judaism felt like coming home in big and small ways. As she learned more about the religion, she discovered that many of her own family\u2019s traditions had Jewish roots, even if they were never framed in that way. Katy\u2019s mother, for example, had always taught her that pork was a rancid meat that was not to be eaten. For Katy, the emergent community in Bras\u00edlia is the bedrock and heart of her Jewish practice. While she is the only member of her biological family who practices Judaism, she speaks of the synagogue community as a family. When they\u00a0first learned about Judaism, the group did not know how to take a single step into their chosen\u00a0religion, so they found educators who would teach them how to walk. Since then, each little step forward has been together.<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n
\"\"
Community members Betsalel, Rodrigo, and Davison taking a selfie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lynnclaire<\/h4>\n

Lynnclaire, daughter of Alice and Sean, is a twenty-year-old statistics major at the local university and the oldest of three sisters. She taught herself Hebrew and now serves as the community\u2019s chazzan. She hopes to move to Israel because, she told me, being Jewish and observing Jewish laws would be easier there.
\nLynnclaire keeps Shabbat by refraining from writing and using electronic devices. Her Shabbat observance, in fact, sparked the community\u2019s establishment as a locally-registered organization, as she needed institutional documentation in order to reschedule her Saturday university\u00a0exams. While she holds an astonishing amount of knowledge about Jewish traditions and rabbinical interpretations, it is in her practice of Judaism that she feels most alive. One day, while reflecting on the difference between her life now and her life before she found Judaism, she remarked to me, \u201cI feel like I hadn\u2019t been living before.\u201d
\nI once asked Lynnclaire if she thought her community was different from other Jewish communities in Brazil or around the world. She thought a moment, and then, as any Jew might, responded with another question: \u201cNa verdade, todas as comunidades t\u00eam suas diferen\u00e7as, n\u00e9? Don\u2019t all [Jewish] communities have their differences?\u201d
\nLynnclaire\u2019s wisdom echoed what anthropologists have been re-discovering since the birth of the discipline about a century ago: it is in our differences that we often find similarities.
\nOne might see difference in Aberto, a Brazilian who proudly declares that he is as old as the state of Israel. But as he helps build a community of people who have uprooted and replanted their religious lives, he exposes a recognizable desire to be grounded in a sense of heritage.
\nOne might see difference in Davison, an Afro-Brazilian who leads Hebrew prayers. But in his self-conscious concerns about identifying as Jewish while appearing not to be Jewish, he reflects a familiar human anxiety about belonging.
\nWhile speaking with each community member, I was struck by how much laughter decorated their stories. It was a laughter that echoed the joy with which they live their lives, the deliberate happiness they bring into their practice of Judaism, and the genuine delight that has come along with it. Their laughter was the preface to the stories they are just beginning to tell.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The names included in this article are pseudonyms, most of which were chosen by the real people whose stories are told here. Thanks is due to the wonderful community that hosted me, to Kulanu board member Daneel Schaechter, and to a Field Research Grant from the Tinker Foundation and the University of New Mexico Latin American and Iberian Institute. The visit to Brazil\u2014and this article\u2014would not have been possible without them.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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